The Tumor Microenvironment: Overview of Cancer-Associated Changes
Description
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The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer-associated changes. Fibroblast recruitment and activation contribute to the formation of a supportive stroma. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables cancer cell invasion and migration. Angiogenesis ensures Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nutrient, and oxygen supply to the growing tumor. Immune evasion, driven by cytokine signaling, enables tumor cells to escape the host's immune response. Collectively, these factors promote cancer progression and metastasis, highlighting the importance of targeting the tumor microenvironment in cancer therapy. [Adapted from GPT4, 2023]
Acknowledgements
References
Herrera, M.. (2019) A Snapshot of The Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer: The Liquid Biopsy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/23/6016
Suarez-Carmona M, et al (2017). EMT and inflammation: inseparable actors of cancer progression. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12095
Arce-Sillas A, et al (2016). Regulatory T Cells: Molecular Actions on Effector Cells in Immune Regulation. J Immunol Res. doi: 10.1155/2016/1720827
Liu T, et al (2019). Cancer-associated fibroblasts: an emerging target of anti-cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol. doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0770-1.
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