The Ischemic Cascade
Description
The ischemic cascade graph represents the sequence of events that occur in the brain during an ischemic stroke.
Excitotoxicity: excessive activation of glutamate receptors leads to the overstimulation of neurons, causing cell damage and death.
Oxidative stress: increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can damage cellular membranes, proteins and DNA.
Inflammatory response: release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, attracting immune cells to the affected area.
Acknowledgements
References
Velly, L., Boumaza, D., Simeone, P. (2018). Cerebral Ischemia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. In: Ichai, C., Quintard, H., Orban, JC. (eds) Metabolic Disorders and Critically Ill Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64010-5_13
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