The illustration describes the anatomy of the bacterial cell. The bacterial cell features several distinct structures that facilitate survival and propagation. Key features include the flagellum, enabling motility, and pili, serving in adhesion and gene transfer. The cell is enclosed by a capsule, providing protection against environmental threats and the host immune system. The cell wall maintains cell shape and integrity. Beneath lies the plasma membrane, regulating substance exchange. Inside the cell, the nucleoid harbors chromosomal DNA, while ribosomes facilitate protein synthesis, and plasmids serve as auxiliary genetic elements. [Adapted from GPT4, 2023]