Smoking-associated diseases and the human microbiome
Description
Smoking-associated microbial communities and metabolites that are modified in systemic smoking-induced diseases; obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), CVD (e.g., coronary artery disease; CAD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and periodontitis. Abbreviations: ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; IL-17, interleukin 17; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; TNF, tumor necrosis factor. (Figure 2)
Acknowledgements
References
Hagit Shapiro, Kim Goldenberg, Karina Ratiner and Eran Elinav. 'Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis in health and disease'. Clin Sci (Lond). 2022;136(18):1371-1387. doi:10.1042/CS20220175
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