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To re-create the ovarian microenvironment in 3D cell culture, isolated ovarian follicles and cells are encapsulated in a synthetic matrix, such as functionalized PEG hydrogel supplemented with synthetic dextran fibers. Initially the encapsulated cells are round and not attached to the matrix, but after a few days in culture, the ovarian cells secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. These are then sequestered by the ECM-binding peptides on the dextran fibers. The secreted and sequestered ECM components then bind to the fibers, providing anchors for the cells and follicles.