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This template was adapted from the original submission. Edits were made to enhance scientific accuracy, optimal usability and/or to meet industry-leading design standards for science communication. Surface markers specific to cancer stem cells (CSCs) serve as potential therapeutic targets for elimination of CSCs. Active targeting can be achieved by conjugating targeting moieties to drug-carrying nanoparticles. These moieties can specifically bind to the markers expressed on CSCs. Following binding, drug release can be triggered by external and internal stimuli. Multiple nanoparticle-based drug delivery platforms have been developed, utilizing these strategies, as shown in the figure (a-g).