Activation of B-cells
Description
Three signals are required for the activation of B-cells. Signal 1 is the recognition of an antigenic epitope by the B-cell receptor (BCR). Signal 2 is comprised of intermolecular interactions between surface molecules present on the B-cell (namely CD40, MHC and B7) and the antigen-specific T-helper cell (CD40L, TCR and CD28). Signal 3 is comprised of the costimulatory cytokine released from the T-helper cell and which binds to the cytokine receptor present on the B-cell.
Acknowledgements
References
Day, Michael., Schultz, Ronald. (2011). Veterinary Immunology: Principles and Practice. Manson Publishing.
Bennett, J. E., Dolin, R., & Blaser, M. J. (2020). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier.
Sharpe, A. H., & Freeman, G. J. (2002). The B7–CD28 superfamily. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2(2), 116–126. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri727
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