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This drug has also been shown to prevent overreactions by the immune system, which is a common pathological event in severe cases of COVID-19.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991342","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"FDA-approved since 1994, approved to treat obsessive compulsive disorder","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|152","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|1100","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1],"inprogress":[2,3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[2,3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1],"phaseSortKey":3.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD17","nameId":""},{"sheetId":"CD18","name":"Tranexamic Acid","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase II/III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04338126","NCT04338074","NCT04550338"],"organizations":["University of Alabama at Birmingham"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Tranexamic Acid is a synthetic analog of the amino acid lysine which, upon binding to plasminogen, prevents its conversion to plasmin, preventing fibrin degradation and preserving the framework of fibrin's matrix structure. There is recent evidence that plasmin acts on SARS-CoV-2 by cleaving a newly inserted furin site in the S protein portion of the virus resulting in increased infectivity and virulence. Therefore, a drug that reduces plasminogen conversion to plasmin may be beneficial to patients with COVID-19.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991445","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"FDA-approved since 1986, approved to treat cyclic heavy menstrual bleeding","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|160","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|100","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1],"inprogress":[2,3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[2,3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1],"phaseSortKey":3.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD18","nameId":"-0"},{"sheetId":"CD19","name":"Valsartan","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"Phase 4 trials recruiting May 2020","customClinicalPhase":"Phase IV","clinicalTrials":["NCT04335786","x-NCT04330300"],"organizations":["Radboud Universit","National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that functions by binding to the angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1R). It is hypothesized that a buildup of angiotensin II interacting with its receptor (AT1R) drives COVID-19 pathology by increasing pulmonary vascular permeability. Blocking the angiotensin II/AT1R interaction would help mitigate this facet of COVID-19 disease, and thus this therapeutic is currently being tested in clinical trials.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991497","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"FDA-approved since 1996, approved to treat hypertension, treat heart failure, and reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients after myocardial infarction","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|NA","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|3065","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1,2,3],"inprogress":[4]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[4],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1,2,3],"phaseSortKey":8,"urlIdx":"d-CD19","nameId":"-1"},{"sheetId":"CD19","name":"TJ003234","technology":"Antibodies","technologyDetails":"TJM2 (TJ003234), anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody; lenzilumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody; Otilimab","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II","clinicalTrials":["NCT04341116"],"organizations":["I-Mab Biopharma Co. 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","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991541","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|144","Phase 2|NA","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0],"inprogress":[1,2]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[1,2],"completedClinicalTrials":[0],"phaseSortKey":1.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD19","nameId":"tjm2-tj003234-anti-granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-antibody-lenzilumab-anti-granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-antibody-otilimab"},{"sheetId":"CD20","name":"Lenzilumab","technology":"Antibodies","technologyDetails":"lenzilumab, anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor antibody; Otilimab","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase II/III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04351152","NCT04534725","NCT04583969"],"organizations":["Humanigen, Inc.","Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia","National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Lenzilumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (class IgG1 kappa) that targets granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine that helps create more white blood cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. Recent scientific evidence suggests that GM-CSF may contribute to the immunopathology of COVID-19, and thus neutralizing this factor with an antibody may prove beneficial to those suffering from the disease.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991662","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|200","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|238","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1],"inprogress":[2,3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[2,3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1],"phaseSortKey":3.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD20","nameId":"lenzilumab-anti-granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-antibody-otilimab"},{"sheetId":"CD21","name":"Otilimab","technology":"Antibodies","technologyDetails":"Otilimab is a human monoclonal anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibody. GM-CSF is a cytokine that helps create more white blood cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. Recent scientific evidence suggests that GM-CSF may contribute to the immunopathology of COVID-19, and thus neutralizing this factor with an antibody may prove beneficial to those suffering from the disease. ","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04376684"],"organizations":["GlaxoSmithKline"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that helps create more white blood cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. Recent scientific evidence suggests that GM-CSF may contribute to the immunopathology of COVID-19, and thus neutralizing this factor with an antibody may prove beneficial to those suffering from the disease. ","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991754","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|800","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1,2],"inprogress":[3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1,2],"phaseSortKey":4.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD21","nameId":"otilimab-is-a-human-monoclonal-anti-granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-gm-csf-antibody-gm-csf-is-a-cytokine-that-helps-create-more-white-blood-cells-such-as-neutrophils-macrophages-and-e"},{"sheetId":"CD22","name":"Artemisinin*","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"Artemisinin; artesunate; and ArtemiC","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase II/III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04387240","NCT04382040","NCT04475107","NCT04532931","NCT04701606","NCT04801017"],"organizations":["Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","MGC Pharmaceuticals","Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.","Medicines for Malaria Venture","Oncotelic Inc.","Mateon Therapeutics"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Artemisinin, and one if its semisynthetic derivatives Artesunate, are anti-malarial drugs that have also demonstrated anti-viral properties.  Chemically, their endoperoxide 1,2,4-trioxane ring along with a peroxide bridge is responsible for the drug's therapeutic effects, however, the mechanism of action of these compounds is hotly debated. They are both a prodrug of the biologically active dihydroartemisinin, and it is hypothesized that this molecule can generate many free radicals which would be detrimental to both malaria and numerous viruses, including coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991956","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|148","Phase 2/3|402","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1],"inprogress":[2,3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[2,3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1],"phaseSortKey":3.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD22","nameId":"artemisinin-artesunate-and-artemic"},{"sheetId":"CD23","name":"Telmisartan","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase II/III/IV","clinicalTrials":["NCT04355936","NCT04360551","NCT04359953","NCT04356495","NCT04394117","NCT04466241","NCT04510662","NCT04715763","EudraCT 2020-001435-27","EudraCT 2020-001303-16","x-NCT04330300"],"organizations":["Laboratorio Elea Phoenix S.A.","University of Hawaii","University Hospital, Strasbourg, France","University Hospital, Bordeaux","University of Bordeaux","National University of Ireland","The George Institute","French National Institute for Health and Medical Research-French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (Inserm-ANRS)","Université de Bordeaux","Programme PACCI","Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos","National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico","Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango","Queens Medical Center"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that shows high affinity for the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R). It is hypothesized that a buildup of angiotensin II interacting with its receptor (AT1R) drives COVID-19 pathology by increasing pulmonary vascular permeability. Blocking the angiotensin II/AT1R interaction would help mitigate this facet of COVID-19 disease, and thus this therapeutic is currently being tested in clinical trials.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.992028","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"FDA-approved since 1998, approved to treat hypertension and reduce cardiovascular risk in patients unable to take ACE inhibitors","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":[],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[],"inprogress":[0]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[2,3,4],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1],"phaseSortKey":5.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD23","nameId":"-2"},{"sheetId":"1","name":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04824222"],"organizations":["Medical University of Warsaw","Human Biome Institute, Poland"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.992230","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"Unknown","updatedOrNew":"New","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|NA","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|366","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1,2],"inprogress":[3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1,2],"phaseSortKey":4.5,"urlIdx":"d-0001","nameId":"-3"},{"sheetId":"2","name":"Recombinant ACE2","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"Recombinant ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2)","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II","clinicalTrials":["NCT04382950","NCT04375046","NCT04335136","X-NCT04287686"],"organizations":["Kafrelsheikh University","Apeiron Biologics"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.992281","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"Unknown","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":[],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[],"inprogress":[0]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[1,2],"completedClinicalTrials":[0],"phaseSortKey":1.5,"urlIdx":"d-0002","nameId":"recombinant-ace2-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2"},{"sheetId":"112","name":"(Hydroxy)Chloroquine*","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine, antimalarial/TLC19","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"Results from the University of Washington/New York University trial expected in summer 2020; RECOVERY trial results expected by June 2020","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II/III/IV","clinicalTrials":["NCT04261517","NCT04303507","NCT04303299","NCT04304053","NCT04316377","NCT04365764","NCT04315948","NCT04321993","EudraCT 2020-001113-21","EudraCT 2020-001246-18","EudraCT 2015-002340-14","EudraCT 2020-001357-52","NCT04323527","NCT04333732","NCT04332991","NCT04345419","NCT04345289","NCT02735707","NCT04351347","NCT04341493","NCT04359615","NCT04350684","NCT04372628","NCT04376814","NCT04373733","NCT04330690","NCT04346147","NCT04328285","NCT04359095","NCT04286503","NCT04328012","NCT04331470","NCT04364022","NCT04350671","NCT04351724","NCT04366245","NCT04343768","NCT04373044","NCT04380818","NCT04350281","NCT04370782","NCT04343092","NCT04338906","NCT04355052","NCT04374019","NCT04395768","NCT04321616","NCT04397328","NCT04400019","NCT04383717","NCT04403555","NCT04405921","NCT04334928","NCT04408456","NCT04410562","NCT04411433","NCT04414241","NCT04394182","NCT04429867","NCT04355026","NCT04434118","NCT04434144","NCT04435587","NCT04437693","NCT04438837","NCT04443270","NCT04443725","NCT04446104","NCT04447534","NCT04354428","NCT04328961","NCT04458948","NCT04459702","NCT04460547","NCT04461353","NCT04466280","NCT04466540","NCT04471649","NCT04477083","NCT04483960","NCT04491994","NCT04497519","NCT04501965","NCT04502342","NCT04554979","NCT04573153","NCT04575064","NCT04597775","NCT04590274","NCT04605588","NCT04621461","NCT04627467","NCT04652648","NCT04668469","NCT04697654","NCT04715295","NCT04714515","NCT04712279","NCT04731051","NCT04746365","NCT04779047","NCT04788355","x-NCT04421664","x-NCT04528927","x-NCT04420247","x-NCT04341727","x-NCT04333654","x-NCT04334967","x-NCT04329572","x-NCT04348474","x-NCT04341870","x-NCT04307693","x-NCT04350450","x-NCT04371926","x-NCT04369742","x-NCT04363203","x-NCT04361461","x-NCT04362332","x-NCT04354441","x-NCT04345861","x-NCT04347512","x-NCT04344379","x-NCT04329611","x-NCT04323631","x-NCT04522466","x-NCT04575558","x-NCT04392128","x-NCT04379492","x-NCT04365582","x-NCT04360759","Over 22 trials registered in China","Over 180 trials listed at clinicaltrials.gov"],"organizations":["Numerous trials with global research sponsors","(hydroxychloroquine)","University of Minnesota","University of Washington","New York University","University of Oxford","IHU-Méditerranée Infection and others","World Health Organization SOLIDARITY trial","Vanderbilt University Medical Center","AbbVie","Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust","Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada","Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas CARLOS III","Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph","Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne","Institut Pasteur","Universidad Nacional de Colombia","Bassett Healthcare","Fasa University of Medical Sciences","Calmy Alexandra","University Hospital, Geneva","Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","Andalusian Network for Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies","Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","University of Southern California","National Cancer Institute (NCI)","Grupo de Investigación Clínica en Oncología Radioterapia","The University of Hong Kong","St. Francis Hospital, New York","National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Australia","Catholic Health Initiatives","Lawson Health Research Institute","Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","COVID-19 PEP Canada","WellStar Health System","UHFPO","Mahidol University","Hamad Medical Corporation","Rambam Health Care Campus","Cairo University","National University Hospital, Singapore","Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","University of New Mexico","ProgenaBiome","Big Corona Ltd.","Qassim University","Pulmoquine Therapeutics, Inc","Rockefeller University","Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University","Brazilian Research In Intensive Care Network","Mansoura University","University of Melbourne","The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity","Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases","UNICEF","Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi","University Medical Center Groningen","Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea","ScandiBio Therapeutics AB","Istanbul Medipol University Hospital","Istanbul Umraniye Training andResearch Hospital","INSERM","Dept. of Statistics and Medical Biometry, University of Bremen","Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jordan","Farhat Hached Hospital, Tunisia","Fattouma Bourguiba, Tunisia","International Brain Research Foundation","Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","SynaVir","Bryn Mawr Hospital","Sharpe-Strumia Research Foundation","Cotswold Foundation","Benha University","Taiwan Liposome Company","Yaounde Central Hospital","University of Sargodha","Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre","Teesside University","Corpometria Institute","King Hussein Cancer Center","Amman Pharmaceutical Industries","Sana Pharmaceutical Industry","ACDIMA Center for Bioequivalence and Pharmaceutical Studies","Elaraby Hospital","Shebin-Elkom Teaching Hospital","October 6 University","Beni-Suef University","Universidade do Vale do Sapucai","Apsen Farmaceutica S.A.","Pfizer","Dermadia","Methodos Laboratory","Biofarma\n\n(chloroquine)","New York State Department of Health","Beijing YouAn Hospital","CMN \"20 de Noviembre\"","Tanta University","Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili\n\n(hydroxychloroquine with zithromax)","Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit","Tanta University\n\n(hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine)","ORCHID Trial with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)","REMAP-CAP global trial","Novartis","PRINCIPLE trial*","THDMS-COVID-19","Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University","ACOVACT"],"funder":"COVID-19 Treatment Accelerator (University of Washington/New York University trial and Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit trial); UK Government (University of Oxford RECOVERY trial and PRINCIPLE trial)*","publishedResults":["NCT04261517|https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04261517?draw=5+%28prelim+outcomes%3F%29","IHU-Méditerranée Infection|https://www.mediterranee-infection.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Hydroxychloroquine_final_DOI_IJAA.pdf","Journal of ZheJiang University|http://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758","Int'l Journal of Antimicrobial Agents|https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060558","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040949","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20047050","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048777","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042366","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20056424","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551","ScienceDirect|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0399077X20300858?via%3Dihub","ISAC|https://www.isac.world/news-and-publications/official-isac-statement","ScienceDirect|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920300996","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060699","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060558","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20065276","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20065920","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20068205"],"relatedUse":["NCT04261517|https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04261517?draw=5+%28prelim+outcomes%3F%29","IHU-Méditerranée Infection|https://www.mediterranee-infection.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Hydroxychloroquine_final_DOI_IJAA.pdf","Journal of ZheJiang University|http://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758","Int'l Journal of Antimicrobial Agents|https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060558","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040949","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20047050","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048777","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042366","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20056424","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551","ScienceDirect|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0399077X20300858?via%3Dihub","ISAC|https://www.isac.world/news-and-publications/official-isac-statement","ScienceDirect|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920300996","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060699","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060558","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20065276","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20065920","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20068205"],"countries":[],"description":"Both hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are common antimalarial drugs. Although no scientific consensus has been reached, this function has been attributed to the lowering of endosomal pH and the ultimate formation and accumulation of free cytotoxic heme that kills the malaria parasite. Again, no scientific consensus has been reached, but it is thought that this lowering of endosomal pH may also have antiviral properties as increased pH is generally required for uncoating and replication of many viruses.\n\nNote: The FDA has revoked this drug's emergency authorization for the treatment of COVID-19 due to observed side effects in clinical trials studies (June 15, 2020).","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.992624","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"FDA-approved since 1949, approved to treat malaria (chloroquine), FDA-approved since at least 1955, approved to treat malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus (hydroxychloroquine)","updatedOrNew":"None","template":["5e8f25b213f46000ab9f89ed"],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f25b213f46000ab9f89ed-chloroquine-potential-mechanisms-of-action-against-coronavir","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|440","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|800","Phase 4|202","Phase NA|40040"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0],"inprogress":[1,2,3,4]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[1,2,3,4],"completedClinicalTrials":[0],"phaseSortKey":5,"urlIdx":"d-0112","nameId":"chloroquine-hydroxychloroquine-antimalarial-tlc19"},{"sheetId":"57","name":"Remdesivir*","technology":"Antivirals","technologyDetails":"remdesivir, nucleotide analog","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II/III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04292730","NCT04292899","NCT04280705","EudraCT 2020-000936-23","EudraCT 2020-000982-18","NCT04315948","NCT04302766","NCT04323761","NCT04321616","NCT04330690","NCT04373044","NCT04365725","NCT04401579","NCT04410354","NCT04409262","NCT04365764","NCT04431453","NCT04480333","NCT04488081","NCT04492475","NCT04492501","NCT04501952","NCT04501978","NCT04539262","NCT04546581","NCT04560231","NCT04578158","NCT04582266","NCT04583956","NCT04583969","NCT04593940","NCT04596839","NCT04610541","NCT04640168","NCT04647669","NCT04669990","NCT04678739","NCT04693026","NCT04694612","NCT04727775","NCT04728880","NCT04738045","NCT04745351","NCT04779047","NCT04784559","x-NCT04257656","x-NCT04252664"],"organizations":["Gilead","World Health Organization SOLIDARITY trial","National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID)'s Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial","Feinstein Institutes","University of Southern California","National Cancer Institute (NCI)","Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","Hoffmann-La Roche","NeuroActiva, Inc.","National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","UNICEF","Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi","International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT)","University of Copenhagen","Medical Research Council","Kirby Institute","Washington D.C. 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Diseases|http://rs.yiigle.com/yufabiao/1182592.htm","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.28.20045955","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.21.20066761","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20079079","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20077735"],"relatedUse":["NEJM|https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282?articleTools=true","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20038984","Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases|http://rs.yiigle.com/yufabiao/1182592.htm","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.28.20045955","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.21.20066761","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20079079","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20077735"],"countries":[],"description":"Lopinavir is an antiretroviral that functions by binding viral proteases.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 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started in March 2020; Phase 2 trial in US started April 2020","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II/III/IV","clinicalTrials":["NCT04303299","NCT04310228","ChiCTR2000029548","ChiCTR2000029544","ChiCTR2000030254","NCT04336904","NCT04333589","NCT04345419","NCT04358549","NCT04346628","NCT04349241","NCT04319900","NCT04359615","NCT04351295","NCT04356495","NCT04376814","NCT04373733","NCT04373733","NCT04400682","NCT04402203","NCT04411433","NCT04425460","NCT04434248","NCT04445467","NCT04464408","NCT04468087","NCT04471662","NCT04474457","NCT04475991","NCT04499677","NCT04501783","NCT04529499","NCT04532931","NCT04542694","NCT04558463","NCT04600895","NCT04600999","NCT04613271","NCT04651959","NCT04694612","NCT04715360","NCT04727775","NCT04718285","NCT04818320","NCT04828564"],"organizations":["Fujifilm Toyama Chemical/Pharmaceuticals","Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceuticals","Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the University of Massachusetts Medical School","Rajavithi 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","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.993209","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"N/A","updatedOrNew":"None","template":["5eac4dbb1b981d00b29ab1b1"],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5eac4dbb1b981d00b29ab1b1-favipiravir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|170","Phase 2/3|290","Phase 3|1192","Phase 4|20","Phase NA|490"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0],"inprogress":[1,2,3,4]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[1,2,3,4],"completedClinicalTrials":[0],"phaseSortKey":5,"urlIdx":"d-0055","nameId":"favilavir-favipiravir-t-705-avigan-licensed-in-japan-to-treat-influenza"},{"sheetId":"58","name":"Darunavir*","technology":"Antivirals","technologyDetails":"Prezcobix (darunavir, HIV-1 protease inhibitor)","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"Primary study ends August 2020","customClinicalPhase":"Phase III/IV","clinicalTrials":["ChiCTR2000029541","NCT04252274","NCT04303299","NCT04425382","NCT04435587"],"organizations":["Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center","Rajavithi Hospital","Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","Hamad Medical Corporation","Mahidol University"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Darunavir is a nonpeptidic protease inhibitor that functions by using numerous hydrogen bonds to lodge itself into their active sites.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.993299","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"FDA-approved since 2015, approved to treat HIV-1 infection","updatedOrNew":"None","template":["5eac4e664ccb4800b1dd9b61"],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5eac4e664ccb4800b1dd9b61-darunavir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|NA","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|190","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|40"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1,2],"inprogress":[3,4]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[3,4],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1,2],"phaseSortKey":6.5,"urlIdx":"d-0058","nameId":"prezcobix-darunavir-hiv-1-protease-inhibitor"},{"sheetId":"13","name":"Sarilumab*","technology":"Antibodies","technologyDetails":"Kevzara (sarilumab), interleukin-6 receptor antagonist","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"Started phase 2/3 in March 2020; preliminary Phase 2 results released April 27, 2020, trial continuing for only critical patients, Phase 3 (US) results expected June 2020, Phase 3 (ex-US) results expected 3Q 2020","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II/III/IV","clinicalTrials":["NCT04357808","NCT04315298","NCT04357860","NCT04327388","NCT04324073","NCT04345289","NCT04322773","NCT02735707","NCT04386239","EudraCT 2020-001246-18","EudraCT 2015-002340-14","NCT04365764","NCT04661527","x-NCT04341870","x-NCT04359901"],"organizations":["Sanofi/Regeneron","REMAP-CAP","Westyn Branch-Elliman","Maria del Rosario Garcia de Vicuña Pinedo","Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa","Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba","Consejería de Salud y Familias - Junta de Andalucía","Red Andaluza de Ensayos Clínicos en Enfermedades Infecciosas (Red ANCRAID)","Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","CCAP","Hvidovre University Hospital","Frederiksberg University Hospital","ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco","Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra","Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor"],"funder":"Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)","publishedResults":["ChinaXiv|http://www.chinaxiv.org/abs/202003.00026","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076612","Regeneron|https://newsroom.regeneron.com/index.php/news-releases/news-release-details/regeneron-and-sanofi-provide-update-us-phase-23-adaptive"],"relatedUse":["ChinaXiv|http://www.chinaxiv.org/abs/202003.00026","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076612","Regeneron|https://newsroom.regeneron.com/index.php/news-releases/news-release-details/regeneron-and-sanofi-provide-update-us-phase-23-adaptive"],"countries":[],"description":"Sarilumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6Rs (sIL-6Rα and mIL-6Rα) and has been shown to inhibit IL-6-mediated signaling through these receptors. 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