This page is no longer updated as of April 5th, 2021

COVID-19 Vaccine & Therapeutics Tracker

See the latest updates for vaccine and therapeutic drug developments for COVID-19. Check back for regular updates!
New addition counters are reset every Monday by 11:59 PM ET. Last updated April 5, 2021 at 11:07AM ET

Vaccines

216
TOTAL
+ 6
92
IN HUMAN
TRIALS
+ 6

Therapeutic Drugs

506
TOTAL
+ 1
419
IN HUMAN
TRIALS
+ 1
Activity Feed
Live updates on vaccine and therapeutic drug developments
Vaccine

Cadila Healthcare Limited’s DNA plasmid vaccine, ZyCoV-D, enters Phase 1/2 clinical trials in The Republic of India.

July 4, 2020
Vaccine

ZF2001, the recombinant vaccine developed by Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co., Ltd. enters phase 3 clinical trials in China.

November 30, 2020
Vaccine

ZF2001, the recombinant vaccine developed by Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co., Ltd. enters Phase 2 clinical trials in China.

July 10, 2020
Vaccine

The Results of Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co., Ltd. protein subunit vaccine phase 1/2 clinical trial published in the preprint server medRxiv reveals ZF2001 was well-tolerated and immunogenic.

December 22, 2020
Vaccine

A new recombinant vaccine developed by Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co., Ltd., ZF2001, enters phase 1 clinical trials in China.

June 24, 2020
Vaccine

Vaxart’s non-replicating Ad5 vector SARS-CoV-2 vaccine VXA-CoV2-1 enters Phase I clinical trials in the United States of America.

September 24, 2020
Vaccine

Valneva Austria GmbH’s inactive vaccine, VLA2001, enters phase 1/2 clinical trials in the United Kingdom.

December 16, 2020
Drug

Vir Biotechnology, Inc and GlaxoSmithKline’s SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, VIR-7831, enters phase 2/3 clinical trials.

September 10, 2020
Drug

VIR-7831 as monotherapy demonstrated an 85% reduction in hospitalization or death in adults with early COVID-19 compared to placebo according to a press release of preliminary results from a phase 3 clinical trial.

March 10, 2021
Vaccine

VBI-2902a, a new virus-like particle vaccine developed by VBI Vaccines Inc., enters phase 1/2 clinical trials in Canada.

February 26, 2021
Vaccine

Merck’s V591, a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate that uses an attenuated measles virus as a vector, enters Phase 1 clinical trials.

August 4, 2020
Vaccine

Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.’s second COVID-19 vaccine, V590, enters Phase 1 clinical trials in the United States of America.

September 30, 2020
Vaccine

June 12th - A new Unnamed Spike Protein Candidate developed by The University of Queensland enters Phase 1 clinical trials in Australia.

June 12, 2020
Vaccine

Sanofi Pasteur’s mRNA vaccine starts phase 1/2 clinical trials in the United States of America.

March 15, 2021
Vaccine

ZHONGYIANKE Biotech Co, Ltd.’s recombinant protein vaccine enters phase 2 clinical trials in China.

March 24, 2021
Vaccine

An Unnamed Recombinant Vaccine developed by Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and West China Hospital enters Phase 1 clinical trials.

August 28, 2020
Vaccine

The Unnamed Recombinant Vaccine - Jiangsu from Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and West China Hospital enter phase 2 clinical trials in China.

November 23, 2020
Vaccine

Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline’s unnamed protein subunit vaccine [Unnamed Protein Subunit Vaccine - Sanofi/GSK] enters phase 1/2 clinical trials in the United States.

September 3, 2020
Vaccine

A new Unnamed Inactive Vaccine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine being developed by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in collaboration with West China Second University Hospital and Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention enters Phase 1/2.

June 2, 2020
Vaccine

The Unnamed Inactive Vaccine - Yunnan being developed by The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences enters Phase II of clinical trials testing.

June 20, 2020
Vaccine

The unnamed inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine developed by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences enters phase 3 in China with an expected enrollment of over 34,000 individuals.

December 9, 2020
Vaccine

News reports indicate that the Unnamed Inactive Vaccine - Wuhan developed by the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products and Sinopharm induced neutralizing antibodies in all vaccinated individuals, and that Phase III clinical trials will start June 23rd in both China and the United Arab Emirates.

June 23, 2020
Vaccine

The Unnamed Inactive Vaccine - Wuhan developed by The Wuhan Institute of Biological Products enters Phase 3 clinical trials in The United Arab Emirates.

July 18, 2020
Vaccine

An interim report of Phase 1/2 trials of the Unnamed Inactive Vaccine - Wuhan Published in the Journal JAMA indicates that patients had a low rate of adverse reactions and demonstrated high neutralizing antibody titers.

August 13, 2020
Vaccine

Wuhan Institute of Biological Products and Sinopharm expand phase 3 clinical trials of their inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to Peru.

November 3, 2020
Vaccine

COVAXX and United Biomedical Inc.’s protein subunit vaccine, UB-612 start Phase 1 clinical trials in Taiwan.

September 11, 2020
Vaccine

A novel inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, Unnamed Inactive Vaccine - Jiangsu, developed by Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co., and the Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention enters phase 1/2 clinical trials in China.

February 17, 2021
Drug

Tocilzumab did not increase patients' chances of survival or help them get better faster according to two studies while a third less definitive trial did find the drug increased the chances of survival. All studies were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

October 20, 2020
Vaccine

COVAXX’s protein antigen vaccine, UB-612, enters phase 2/3 clinical trials.

December 24, 2020
Drug

Tocilizumab was not superior to standard care alone in patients with severe or critical COVID-19, and it might increase mortality, according to phase 3 clinical trial results published in the British Medical Journal.

January 20, 2021
Drug

Tocilizumab* failed to improved clinical status in patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia, or reduced patient mortality in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial by Roche. The clinical trial program will continue to further explore the drug in other settings, including in combination with an antiviral.

July 29, 2020
Drug

Roche announced that their Phase 3 study met its primary endpoint, showing that patients with COVID-19 associated pneumonia who received Tocilizumab* plus standard of care were 44% less likely to progress to mechanical ventilation or death compared to patients who received placebo plus standard of care.

September 18, 2020
Drug

The anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody Tocilizumab* was associated with lower mortality in mechanically ventilated patients suffering from COVID-19 in a single-center, small scale study published in the journal Clinical Infectious Disease. This reduction in mortality, however, came with a higher occurrence of bacterial infections.

July 11, 2020
Drug

Preprint article in medRxiv indicates that the administration of Tocilizumab* is associated with rapid improvement in some clinical indices of those individuals not on ventilation, however, controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm its utility.

June 12, 2020
Vaccine

TMV-083, a vaccine that uses a live-attenuated recombinant measles vaccine virus vector expressing a modified surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 enters Phase 1 clinical trials.

August 4, 2020
Drug

Tocilizumab reduced the risk of death, shortened the time to hospital discharge, and reduced the need for a mechanical ventilator when given to hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 according to the United Kingdom’s RECOVERY Trial.

February 11, 2021
Vaccine

Takeda’s TAK-919 vaccine enters phase 1/2 clinical trials in Japan.

December 21, 2020
Vaccine

The Russian Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) enters phase 3 clinical trials in Venezuela.

November 24, 2020
Vaccine

Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), a new adenoviral-based vaccine developed by Gamaleya Research Institute, starts phase 1/2 clinical trials in Russia.

June 18, 2020
Vaccine

Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) starts phase 3 clinical trials in the United Arab Emerates.

December 7, 2020
Vaccine

Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) enters Phase 3 clinical trials in Russia, with an expected enrollment of 40,000 participants.

August 28, 2020
Vaccine

Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) demonstrates 91.4% efficacy after 28 days (n=18,794) and 95% efficacy 21 days after the second dose according to the second interim analysis of clinical trials data in a press release from the Gamaleya Center team.

November 24, 2020
Vaccine

Russia becomes the first country to grant regulatory approval to a coronavirus vaccine, Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac), prior to its completion of clinical trials.

August 11, 2020
Vaccine

The Russian Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) enters phase 2/3 clinical trials in the Republic of India.

November 23, 2020
Vaccine

SpFN COVID-19, a protein subunit vaccine developed by the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, enters phase 1 clinical trial in the United States of America.

March 5, 2021
Vaccine

The European Medicines Agency starts a rolling review of the Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) COVID-19 vaccine.

March 4, 2021
Vaccine

The shingles vaccine, Shingrix, enters Phase 1 clinical trials as a preventative agent in elderly individuals for its hypothesized non-specific immunomodulatory effects.

August 21, 2020
Drug

Sinocelltech Ltd.’s recombinant anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein monoclonal antibody, SCTA01, enters phase 2/3 clinical trials.

November 25, 2020
Vaccine

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey’s SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccine enters phase 1 clinical trials.

March 26, 2021
Vaccine

The spike protein subunit vaccine by Clover Biopharmaceutical, SCB-2019, enters Phase 1 clinical trials against COVID-19.

May 28, 2020
Vaccine

Clover Biopharmaceuticals SCB-2019 vaccine enters phase 2/3 clinical trials.

December 17, 2020
Drug

The anti-IL-6 antibody, Sarilumab*, was not beneficial in COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation according to Phase 3 clinical trial results released by Sanofi and Regeneron.

July 2, 2020
Vaccine

Two new COVID-19 vaccines, ChAdV68-S and SAM-LNP-S, developed by the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases enter phase 1 clinical trials.

March 1, 2021
Drug

Results from Sanofi and Regeneron’s Phase 3 clinical trials indicate no statistically significant reduction in hospital stay duration or time to improved clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients treated with Sarilumab*. The companies do not anticipate conducting further clinical studies using this drug.

September 1, 2020
Drug

No clinical benefit was observed from the use of Ritonavir* in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the University of Oxford’s RECOVERY trial.

June 29, 2020
Drug

Inhaled version of antiviral Remdesivir* to start human clinical trials in August according to Gilead Sciences.

June 22, 2020
Drug

Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/ Ritonavir* and Interferon regimens appeared to have little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay according to the WHO solidarity trial meta-analysis results published in a preprint server of 11,266 adults across 30 countries in 405 hospitals.

October 15, 2020
Drug

Results released by Gilead indicate that in a Phase III trial, Remdesivir* treatment resulted in significantly greater clinical improvement versus standard of care treatment alone.

June 1, 2020
Drug

A final report by the ACTT-1 Study Group on Remdesivir* in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 1029 adults who were hospitalized with Covid-19 was published in the New England Journal of Medicine indicating a shortening of the time to recovery and evidence of lower respiratory tract infection compared to placebo control.

October 8, 2020
Drug

Remdesivir*, Gilead Sciences’ treatment found to have worked in COVID-19 clinical trials, will cost U.S. hospitals $3,120 for the typical patient with private insurance.

June 29, 2020
Drug

Gilead Sciences starts Phase 1/2 clinical trial testing of inhaled Remdesivir* in patients with early-stage SARS-CoV-2 disease.

September 4, 2020
Drug

Remdesivir* shows clinical benefit in non-human primates infected with SARS-CoV2, as published in Nature.

June 9, 2020
Drug

Health Canada authorizes the use of Remdesivir* in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms.

July 28, 2020
Drug

The United Kingdom National Health Service follows suit behind The United States and Japan and authorizes the use of Remdesivir* for people with coronavirus infection after a publication in The New England Journal of Medicine indicates it can cut recovery time by about four days.

May 26, 2020
Drug

The European Union purchases $73.9 million worth of Remdesivir* from Gilead, enough to treat 30,000 patients.

July 29, 2020
Drug

Remdesivir*, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Interferon regimens appeared to have little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay according to the WHO solidarity trial meta-analysis results published in a preprint server of 11,266 adults across 30 countries in 405 hospitals.

October 15, 2020
Drug

Remdesivir*, which has been authorized for use on an emergency basis since spring, was officially approved by US regulators as the first treatment for COVID-19.

October 22, 2020
Drug

Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir, and Interferon regimens had little or no effect on hospitalized patients with COVID-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay according to Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

December 2, 2020
Vaccine

ReCOV, the two-component recombinant protein vaccine developed by the Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology Co., Ltd, enters phase 1 clinical trials in New Zealand.

March 26, 2021
Drug

The Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust-sponsored TACTIC-R study commences, bumping Ravulizumab into Phase 4 clinical trials.

May 18, 2020
Vaccine

The Republic of Khazakstan’s QazCovid-in COVID19 vaccine enters phase 3 with an expected 3000 participants.

December 31, 2020
Vaccine

QazCovid-in, an inactive viral vaccine manufactured by Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems Republic of Kazakhstan enters Phase 1/2 clinical trials.

August 28, 2020
Vaccine

Providence Therapeutic’s mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-B, enters phase 1 clinical trials in Canada.

February 21, 2021
Drug

Proxalutamide significantly accelerated viral clearance and time to clinical remission in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients versus placebo according to a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial published in the journal Cureus.

February 22, 2021
Drug

Pfizer’s oral antiviral clinical candidate, PF-07321332, enters phase 1 clinical trial in the United States of America.

February 16, 2021
Drug

Pfizers’ SARS-CoV-2 specific antiviral [PF-07304814] enters Phase 1 clinical trials.

September 1, 2020
Vaccine

Novavax and Takeda Announce Collaboration for Novavax’ COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate, NVX-CoV2373, for local production and commercialization in Japan.

August 7, 2020
Vaccine

Novavax’s protein subunit vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, starts phase 3 clinical trials in the United Kingdom in combination with the seasonal influenza vaccine.

October 12, 2020
Vaccine

NVX-CoV2373 phase 3 clinical trials expand with 30000 additional participants in The United States of America, Mexico and Puerto Rico.

November 2, 2020
Vaccine

Vaccination with NVX-CoV2373 was generally well-tolerated, induced neutralization antibody titers in 100% of participants, and elicited a robust cellular response in Novavax’s 131 participant Phase 1 clinical trial results.

August 4, 2020
Vaccine

Novavax’s protein subunit vaccine NVX-CoV2373 enters Phase 2 clinical trials in South Africa.

August 31, 2020
Vaccine

A publication in the New England Journal of Medicine indicates that Novavax’s NVX-CoV2373 appears to be safe, and elicits both a strong antibody and cellular response against SARS-CoV-2.

September 2, 2020
Vaccine

Novavax starts Phase 3 clinical trials of its COVID-19 vaccine candidate, NVX-CoV2373, in the United Kingdom.

September 11, 2020
Vaccine

Novavax secures upto $60M from the U.S. Department of Defense to support the production of their NVX-CoV2373 vaccine. The agreement includes a 2020 delivery of 10 million doses for DoD that could be used in Phase 2/3 clinical trials or under an Emergency Use Authorization if approved by the U.S. FDA.

June 4, 2020
Vaccine

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 was shown to be sensitive to neutralization by serum samples from convalescent individuals and recipients of mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 vaccines indicating that this variant is unlikely to be a major concern for current vaccines according to a publication in the journal Cell Host & Microbe.

March 3, 2021
Vaccine

Novavax administrates the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine to the first participants in Phase 1 clinical trial. Phase 2 planned to begin following successful Phase 1 results. On May 11, Novavax secured a $388M grant from CEPI (a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-backed vaccine development coalition).

May 25, 2020
Vaccine

Novavax’s NVX-CoV2373 demonstrated 100% protection against severe disease, 96.4% against mild, moderate and severe disease caused by the original COVID-19 strain, and 55.4% efficacy in a region where the vast majority of strains are B1.351 escape variants according to a press release of their phase 3 U.K. and phase 2b South Africa clinical trial studies, respectively.

March 11, 2021
Vaccine

Novavax’s COVID-19 Vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, Demonstrated 89.3% Efficacy in their phase 3 clinical trial according to a company press release.

January 28, 2021
Vaccine

The Newcastle disease vector vaccine, NDV-HXP-S, enters phase 1 clinical trials in Thailand.

February 21, 2021
Vaccine

A second COVID-19 vaccine developed by SK Bioscience's, NBP2001, enters phase 1 clinical trials in the Republic of Korea.

February 18, 2021
Vaccine

A new spike protein vaccine, Nanocovax, enters phase 1/2 in Vietnam.

December 24, 2020
Vaccine

Emergent BioSolutions enters into a $628 million contract with the US government to boost manufacturing capacity for a COVID-19 vaccine.

June 1, 2020
Drug

Mabwell Bioscience Co.’s new anti-coronavirus antibody, MW33, enters Phase 1 clinical trials.

August 31, 2020
Vaccine

MVC-COV1901, a protein subunit vaccine developed by Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp. enters Phase 1 clinical trials in Taiwan.

July 27, 2020
Vaccine

Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.’s COVID19 vaccine, MVC-COV1901, enters phase 2 clinical trials in Taiwan and Vietnam.

January 5, 2021
Vaccine

The Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf’s Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus vaccine, MVA-SARS-2-S, enters Phase 1 clinical trials in Germany.

September 29, 2020
Vaccine

MV-014-212, the live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vector vaccine depveloped by Meissa Vaccines, Inc., starts phase 1 clinical trials in The United States of America.

March 15, 2021
Vaccine

Moderna’s mRNA-1273 was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

December 18, 2020
Vaccine

Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 was 94.1% overall and 100% against severe COVID-19 according to a press release detailing their primary efficacy analysis of the Phase 3 COVE study.

November 30, 2020
Vaccine

ModernaTX, Inc.’s new refrigerator-stable vaccine, mRNA-1283, starts phase 1 clinical trials in the United States of America.

March 24, 2021
Vaccines
Visualized development progress and additional information on preclinical and human clinical vaccine candidates against COVID-19.
216
TOTAL
+ 6
122 in preclinical development
92 in human trials
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","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:10.034185","type":"Vaccine","fdaApproved":"N/A","updatedOrNew":"None","template":["5eac45ce1b981d00b29a7dd0"],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5eac45ce1b981d00b29a7dd0-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-lv-smenp-dc-shenzhen-medical-inst","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|100","Phase 2|NA","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0],"inprogress":[1,2]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[1,2],"completedClinicalTrials":[0],"phaseSortKey":1.5,"urlIdx":"v-0004","nameId":"lv-smenp-dc-dendritic-cells-modified-with-lentiviral-vector-expressing-synthetic-minigene-based-on-domains-of-selected-viral-proteins-administered-with-antigen-specific-cytotoxic-t-lymphocytes"},{"sheetId":"3","name":"mRNA-1273","technology":"RNA-based vaccine","technologyDetails":"RNA; Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"Phase 1 started March 2020, study ends June 2021; Phase 2 to start Q2 2020","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II/III/IV","clinicalTrials":["NCT04283461","NCT04405076","NCT04470427","NCT04649151","NCT04748471","NCT04760132","NCT04785144","NCT04806113","NCT04805125","NCT04796896","NCT04818736","NCT04813796","NCT04811664"],"organizations":["ModernaTX, Inc.","National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority","Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France","Ministry of the Interior and Health, Denmark","McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre","CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval","Ministere de la Sante et des Services Sociaux","University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","Swiss National Science Foundation","McMaster University","University of Alberta","University of Saskatchewan","University of Manitoba"],"funder":"Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)/ Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":["United States of America"],"description":"This vaccine is comprised of a lipid nanoparticle (LNP; proprietary ionizable lipid, SM-102, and 3 commercially available lipids, cholesterol, DSPC, and PEG2000 DMG) dispersion containing an mRNA that encodes for the prefusion stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Upon vaccination, host cells uptake the mRNA, generate the protein, and display it to the immune system. The host can thus generate an immune response against the spike protein which should be protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2. ","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:10.034349","type":"Vaccine","fdaApproved":"N/A","updatedOrNew":"None","template":["5eac46971b981d00b29a822f"],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5eac46971b981d00b29a822f-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-mrna-1273-moderna","participants":["Phase 1|440","Phase 2|780","Phase 2/3|9750","Phase 3|68100","Phase 4|14000"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0],"inprogress":[1,2,3,4]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[1,2,3,4],"completedClinicalTrials":[0],"phaseSortKey":5,"urlIdx":"v-0003","nameId":"rna-lipid-nanoparticle-lnp-encapsulated-mrna"},{"sheetId":"9","name":"Convidicea (Ad5-nCoV)","technology":"Non-replicating viral vector","technologyDetails":"Non-replicating viral vector; Adenovirus Type 5 vector","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"Phase 2 started April 2020","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II/III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04313127","NCT04341389","NCT04398147","NCT04526990","NCT04540419","NCT04552366","NCT04566770","ChiCTR2000031781","ChiCTR2000030906"],"organizations":["CanSino Biologics Inc.","Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA of China","Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","Zhongnan Hospital","Tongji Hospital","Canadian Center for Vaccinology","NPO Petrovax","Beijing Institute of Biotechnology"],"funder":"","publishedResults":["https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736|https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31208-3/fulltext"],"relatedUse":["https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736|https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31208-3/fulltext"],"countries":["China","Canada"],"description":"The Convidicea (Ad5-nCov) vaccine is generated by incorporating a full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into a replication-defective Adenovirus Type 5 vector. It is then injected intramuscularly into patients and antibodies will be generated against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. 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Vaccine Candidates Development Progress

VACCINE CANDIDATES
Legend
Completed
In trials

PRECLINICAL

122

PHASE I

87

PHASE II

55

PHASE III

27

PHASE IV

7

Vaccine Candidates

↑/↓

Name ↑/↓

Organization ↑/↓

Technology ↑/↓

Stage ↑/↓

Countries ↑/↓

Clinical Trial #

Therapeutic Drugs
Visualized development progress and additional information on preclinical and human clinical vaccine candidates against COVID-19.
506
TOTAL
+ 1
87 in preclinical development
419 in human trials
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","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991754","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|800","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1,2],"inprogress":[3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1,2],"phaseSortKey":4.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD21","nameId":"otilimab-is-a-human-monoclonal-anti-granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-gm-csf-antibody-gm-csf-is-a-cytokine-that-helps-create-more-white-blood-cells-such-as-neutrophils-macrophages-and-e"},{"sheetId":"CD22","name":"Artemisinin*","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"Artemisinin; artesunate; and ArtemiC","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase II/III","clinicalTrials":["NCT04387240","NCT04382040","NCT04475107","NCT04532931","NCT04701606","NCT04801017"],"organizations":["Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","MGC Pharmaceuticals","Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Co. 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They are both a prodrug of the biologically active dihydroartemisinin, and it is hypothesized that this molecule can generate many free radicals which would be detrimental to both malaria and numerous viruses, including coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:09.991956","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|NA","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|148","Phase 2/3|402","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|NA","Phase NA|NA"],"clinicalPhases":{"completed":[0,1],"inprogress":[2,3]},"inprogressClinicalTrials":[2,3],"completedClinicalTrials":[0,1],"phaseSortKey":3.5,"urlIdx":"d-CD22","nameId":"artemisinin-artesunate-and-artemic"},{"sheetId":"CD23","name":"Telmisartan","technology":"Other","technologyDetails":"","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase II/III/IV","clinicalTrials":["NCT04355936","NCT04360551","NCT04359953","NCT04356495","NCT04394117","NCT04466241","NCT04510662","NCT04715763","EudraCT 2020-001435-27","EudraCT 2020-001303-16","x-NCT04330300"],"organizations":["Laboratorio Elea Phoenix S.A.","University of Hawaii","University Hospital, Strasbourg, France","University Hospital, Bordeaux","University of Bordeaux","National University of Ireland","The George Institute","French National Institute for Health and Medical Research-French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (Inserm-ANRS)","Université de Bordeaux","Programme PACCI","Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos","National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico","Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango","Queens Medical Center"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that shows high affinity for the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R). 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2020-001357-52","NCT04323527","NCT04333732","NCT04332991","NCT04345419","NCT04345289","NCT02735707","NCT04351347","NCT04341493","NCT04359615","NCT04350684","NCT04372628","NCT04376814","NCT04373733","NCT04330690","NCT04346147","NCT04328285","NCT04359095","NCT04286503","NCT04328012","NCT04331470","NCT04364022","NCT04350671","NCT04351724","NCT04366245","NCT04343768","NCT04373044","NCT04380818","NCT04350281","NCT04370782","NCT04343092","NCT04338906","NCT04355052","NCT04374019","NCT04395768","NCT04321616","NCT04397328","NCT04400019","NCT04383717","NCT04403555","NCT04405921","NCT04334928","NCT04408456","NCT04410562","NCT04411433","NCT04414241","NCT04394182","NCT04429867","NCT04355026","NCT04434118","NCT04434144","NCT04435587","NCT04437693","NCT04438837","NCT04443270","NCT04443725","NCT04446104","NCT04447534","NCT04354428","NCT04328961","NCT04458948","NCT04459702","NCT04460547","NCT04461353","NCT04466280","NCT04466540","NCT04471649","NCT04477083","NCT04483960","NCT04491994","NCT04497519","NCT04501965","NCT04502342","NCT04554979","NCT04573153","NCT04575064","NCT04597775","NCT04590274","NCT04605588","NCT04621461","NCT04627467","NCT04652648","NCT04668469","NCT04697654","NCT04715295","NCT04714515","NCT04712279","NCT04731051","NCT04746365","NCT04779047","NCT04788355","x-NCT04421664","x-NCT04528927","x-NCT04420247","x-NCT04341727","x-NCT04333654","x-NCT04334967","x-NCT04329572","x-NCT04348474","x-NCT04341870","x-NCT04307693","x-NCT04350450","x-NCT04371926","x-NCT04369742","x-NCT04363203","x-NCT04361461","x-NCT04362332","x-NCT04354441","x-NCT04345861","x-NCT04347512","x-NCT04344379","x-NCT04329611","x-NCT04323631","x-NCT04522466","x-NCT04575558","x-NCT04392128","x-NCT04379492","x-NCT04365582","x-NCT04360759","Over 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California","National Cancer Institute (NCI)","Grupo de Investigación Clínica en Oncología Radioterapia","The University of Hong Kong","St. Francis Hospital, New York","National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Australia","Catholic Health Initiatives","Lawson Health Research Institute","Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","COVID-19 PEP Canada","WellStar Health System","UHFPO","Mahidol University","Hamad Medical Corporation","Rambam Health Care Campus","Cairo University","National University Hospital, Singapore","Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","University of New Mexico","ProgenaBiome","Big Corona Ltd.","Qassim University","Pulmoquine Therapeutics, Inc","Rockefeller University","Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University","Brazilian Research In Intensive Care Network","Mansoura University","University of Melbourne","The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity","Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases","UNICEF","Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi","University Medical Center Groningen","Institute for Research and Development of Medicinal and Food Plants of Guinea","ScandiBio Therapeutics AB","Istanbul Medipol University Hospital","Istanbul Umraniye Training andResearch Hospital","INSERM","Dept. of Statistics and Medical Biometry, University of Bremen","Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jordan","Farhat Hached Hospital, Tunisia","Fattouma Bourguiba, Tunisia","International Brain Research Foundation","Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","SynaVir","Bryn Mawr Hospital","Sharpe-Strumia Research Foundation","Cotswold Foundation","Benha University","Taiwan Liposome Company","Yaounde Central Hospital","University of Sargodha","Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre","Teesside University","Corpometria Institute","King Hussein Cancer Center","Amman Pharmaceutical Industries","Sana Pharmaceutical Industry","ACDIMA Center for Bioequivalence and Pharmaceutical Studies","Elaraby Hospital","Shebin-Elkom Teaching Hospital","October 6 University","Beni-Suef University","Universidade do Vale do Sapucai","Apsen Farmaceutica S.A.","Pfizer","Dermadia","Methodos Laboratory","Biofarma\n\n(chloroquine)","New York State Department of Health","Beijing YouAn Hospital","CMN \"20 de Noviembre\"","Tanta University","Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili\n\n(hydroxychloroquine with zithromax)","Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit","Tanta University\n\n(hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine)","ORCHID Trial with National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)","REMAP-CAP global trial","Novartis","PRINCIPLE trial*","THDMS-COVID-19","Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University","ACOVACT"],"funder":"COVID-19 Treatment Accelerator (University of Washington/New York University trial and Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit trial); UK Government (University of Oxford RECOVERY trial and PRINCIPLE trial)*","publishedResults":["NCT04261517|https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04261517?draw=5+%28prelim+outcomes%3F%29","IHU-Méditerranée Infection|https://www.mediterranee-infection.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Hydroxychloroquine_final_DOI_IJAA.pdf","Journal of ZheJiang University|http://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758","Int'l Journal of Antimicrobial Agents|https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060558","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040949","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20047050","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048777","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042366","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20056424","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551","ScienceDirect|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0399077X20300858?via%3Dihub","ISAC|https://www.isac.world/news-and-publications/official-isac-statement","ScienceDirect|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920300996","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060699","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060558","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20065276","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20065920","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20068205"],"relatedUse":["NCT04261517|https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04261517?draw=5+%28prelim+outcomes%3F%29","IHU-Méditerranée 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Although no scientific consensus has been reached, this function has been attributed to the lowering of endosomal pH and the ultimate formation and accumulation of free cytotoxic heme that kills the malaria parasite. 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Diseases|http://rs.yiigle.com/yufabiao/1182592.htm","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.28.20045955","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.21.20066761","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20079079","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20077735"],"relatedUse":["NEJM|https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282?articleTools=true","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20038984","Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases|http://rs.yiigle.com/yufabiao/1182592.htm","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.28.20045955","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.21.20066761","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20079079","medRxiv|https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20077735"],"countries":[],"description":"Lopinavir is an antiretroviral that functions by binding viral proteases.","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 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It binds to a highly conserved epitope on the Spike protein and has the potential of becoming an effective therapy against the COVID-19 pandemic.","developmentStage":"Clinical","nextSteps":"","customClinicalPhase":"Phase I/II","clinicalTrials":["NCT04479631","NCT04691180","NCT04770467","NCT04787211"],"organizations":["Brii Biosciences Limited","TSB Therapeutics (Beijing) CO.LTD"],"funder":"","publishedResults":[],"relatedUse":[],"countries":[],"description":"","show":true,"date":"2021-04-05 11:05:10.017305","type":"Treatment","fdaApproved":"","updatedOrNew":"None","template":[[]],"templateLink":"https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/t-5e8f2617bbf15200b1d93310-remdesivir-potential-repurposed-drug-candidate-for-covid-19","participants":["Phase 1|36","Phase 1/2|NA","Phase 2|56","Phase 2/3|NA","Phase 3|NA","Phase 4|NA","Phase 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Drug Candidates Development Progress

DRUG CANDIDATES
Legend
Completed
In trials

PRECLINICAL

122

PHASE I

87

PHASE II

55

PHASE III

27

PHASE IV

7

Drug Candidates

↑/↓

Name ↑/↓

Organization ↑/↓

Technology ↑/↓

Stage ↑/↓

Clinical Trial #

* May be used in combination with other therapeutics. Clinical trials mentioned contain this included drug in the regimen.
Phase N/A: Not Applicable, describes trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.

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FAQ

What is the science behind COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a new infectious disease caused by the coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2. Disease manifestations usually occur in the lungs of infected individuals, however, it has been reported that other parts of the body can be impacted as well. Upon infection, there is an asymptomatic period of variable length in which individuals can spread the virus without even knowing it. Some people may clear the virus without ever showing symptoms at all, while other individuals may start to experience some or all of the following symptoms: fever, cough, shortness of breath, chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, and loss of taste and/or smell. From here, individuals generally recover from the infection with or without supportive care, but there is a subset of infected individuals that may succumb to the illness and die.

Although the science of SARS-CoV-2 is evolving every day, this virus is thought to be more infectious and deadly than the seasonal strain of flu, and more infectious but less deadly than the recently publicized Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. There are currently no vaccines or therapeutics available to prevent or treat COVID-19.

What are the differences between vaccines and therapeutic drugs?

Vaccines are biological preparations that, when administered to an individual, provide protection from a specific entity, such as a virus or bacteria. Vaccines prime the immune system and create a form of memory, so that you can respond faster and with greater magnitude against a threat than if you were encountering it for the first time. Vaccines can be composed of proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), or even entire organisms and their potency can be boosted by chemicals known as adjuvants. Vaccines are most commonly used prophylactically (to prevent an infection or disease).

Therapeutic Drugs are any molecules that are used to diagnose, treat or prevent a disease. Unlike vaccines, therapeutic drugs directly affect the disease in question or modulate the immune system to help deal with the disease, but provide no form of ‘memory’ that would help the body fight off the disease at a future encounter. They can be composed of numerous entities including chemicals, proteins, or nucleic acids. Many drugs are used together to have a more substantial beneficial effect.

How do clinical trials work?

Clinical trials are the process by which new vaccines and drugs are approved to be used in the general population to help prevent, diagnose, or treat a disease. They are undertaken by healthcare professionals (including researchers and medical doctors) and often fall into five stages. Normally, it takes years or even decades for a compound to pass through clinical trials, but in extraordinary cases (such as pandemics) this process can be sped up to provide medical care to those in need while maintaining the highest standard of safety as well as. The five stages include:

Preclinical
In preclinical studies, researchers test the efficacy, toxicity, and other chemical information (absorption, distribution, metabolism, half-life, etc.) of a new drug. These studies are often done in test tubes and on cell cultures (in vitro/ex vivo) and in relevant animal models (in vivo). This process is done to determine which therapies have merit to move into the human testing stages.

Phase I
In phase I testing, a new therapeutic is given to healthy volunteers to assess its safety. Generally, multiple subtherapeutic doses are tested on between 20 - 100 individuals. This also provides an opportunity for researchers to assess the drug’s chemical properties in humans as these may differ from the in vitro and animal models.
Duration: Several Months
Success Rate: 70%

Phase II
Once the therapeutic has been deemed safe in healthy individuals, Phase II trials can commence. This is the first test where a drug/vaccine is administered to its target population and is done primarily to determine if the drug will be efficacious at its therapeutic dose. This clinical phase often has between 100 - 300 individuals, and it will not move onto the next phase until there is some data suggesting that the drug has some positive effect on the target population.
Duration: Several months to 2 years
Success Rate: 33%

Phase III
In Phase III clinical trials, the drug is now assumed to have some positive effect on its target population and more individuals are enrolled. Generally, between 300 - 3,000 individuals are taking part, and more rare, short-term side effects are able to be observed. Up to this point, mainly clinical researchers have been taking part in the clinical trials, but now personal physicians start to get involved as the therapeutic progress to the next stage.
Duration: 1 to 4 years
Success Rate: 25% - 30%

Phase IV
The purpose of Phase IV clinical trials (also known as postmarketing surveillance) is to watch for the long-term effects of the drugs on a larger population. The therapeutic at this point can be prescribed to any individual in the target population by their physician. Due to the longer term and larger subset of individuals using the therapeutic, extremely rare side effects can be observed.

How do pandemics impact the Clinical Trials Process?

When there is a serious, life-threatening situation where no medicine currently exists against a specific disease, such as during a pandemic, the clinical trial process may be expedited (or ‘Fast-Tracked’). This is generally only done with drugs that already show promise in combating the disease by having efficacy against related disorders. This process involves more regular meetings of the clinical trials governing body (ex. FDA) so that the drug can pass through stages faster, as well as the ability of the drug manufacturing company to submit sections of crucial documents as they are completed as opposed to once full stages of the trial are complete. Even in these circumstances, the clinical trial process is still extremely rigorous.

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DISCLAIMER
BioRender is currently tracking the development of vaccines and therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). This document contains an aggregation of publicly available information from validated sources. It is not an endorsement of one approach or treatment over another but simply a list of all treatments and vaccines currently in development. While BioRender takes reasonable steps to verify the accuracy of the information presented in this page, we are not liable for any inaccuracies that may exist.